Alright. I've been on BOBISTHEOILGUY for some time now, I am very familiar with the different motor oils. To the first part of your question... You probably won't notice any immediate difference. However, I firmly believe engines just "don't like" some oils. For example, the 4.6L SOHC in our expedition really doesn't like Castrol GTX 5W-20. It really likes Motorcraft Semi-syn 5W-20.
On the other hand, some people do see a big difference with syn. Sometimes, it can yield slightly better gas mileage. Don't believe people when they say that only Amsoil, Royal Purple, and Mobil 1 are "true" synthetics. What they mean is the base stocks used. Those mentioned are Group IV, or PAO (Poly-Alpha-Olefin) which are made in the lab. The others, Pennzoil Platinum, etc, are made of Group III, which is a highly, highly refined, hydro-cracked process petroleum based oil. While it's origin is crude, it is so refined that it can be considered synthetic.
Another thing to keep in mind, is that Group IV PAO is not inherently a good lubricant. Group III oils, are. Group VI depends on the additive pack for it's anti friction, anti wear properties. The additive pack makes up about 20% of the oil by volume, and includes mineral additives for anti wear, detergent/anti foam, and anti friction. You can find this out, by getting/finding a UOA/VOA (Used/Virgin Oil analysis) like the following.
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1791158&page=1
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1512803#Post1512803
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1792752#Post1792752
You may notice a few things here. I will do my best to explain these.
Iron, Copper, Lead, Antimony, Titanium, Tin, Aluminum, and Chromium are all wear metals. Aluminum is most often from the piston, Iron/chromium are most often from the cylinder walls, crankshaft bearings and valvetrain, and the rest are primarily materials used in the big end, and other bearings.
Molybdenum, Boron, Zinc, Phosphorous are all anti-friction/anti-wear compounds. Phoshporous and Zinc are collectively referred to as ZDDP. For many years ZDDP has been the primary anti wear add, and still is. But with each new oil spec, (SG, SJ, SL, SM etc) the amount of ZDDP is decreased, because phosphorous when it burns, produces ash which plugs up the cat. Molybdenum, and Boron are fairly new, and both effectively "plate" contact surfaces to reduce friction and prevent wear.
Calcium, Boron (yes here too), Magnesium serve as detergent and anti foaming adds. They help clean the inside of the engine, and prevent the oil from foaming and oxidating as the engine is running. (The crankshaft and other parts can "whip" oil introducing air).
Note, that with synthetic oil, it is easier to extend your OCI. For example, many people on BITOG will run dino for 4,5K miles. With synthetic though, many will run anywhere from 5K to 8K... And with some oils (Mobil 1 EP, Amsoil, and a few others) they will run for 12K or more. Extending your oil change interval does nothing but save you money. As you can see from the following UOA, long oil changes do not eat your engine alive.
http://www.bobistheoilguy.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1765467&page=1
My advice to you then sir, is to run Pennzoil Platinum 5W-30, for 6,000 miles. This is what I am doing now. I am at 4,500 miles on this change. For extended OCI make sure you use a good, quality, solid oil filter. Stick with NAPA Gold, Purolatore PureONE, Mobil 1, K&N, etc. DO NOT use FRAM Extraguard (Orange can of death) or Toughgard. They are extremely poor in build quality and design. The anti-drainback valves do not seal properly, and for many, many people result in nasty dry start noise. They use cardboard endcaps in the filter, which are well known to fail and not seal with the center tube, allowing unfiltered oil to pass back into the engine. Also, FRAM EG use very, very little filter element, the number of pleats is the lowest of any filter on the market. For the same amount, or a little more, you can get a high quality Purolator or NAPA filter. Stay away from all FRAM except for the Exendedguard, which is a decent filter, but cost upwards of $11. If you, or anyone have any questions, be sure to ask I will be happy to answer them.